Rotterdam, a harbour city with rough charm and a striking skyline, has undergone an extraordinary transformation. Emerging as a crucial port in the 19th century, the city’s harbour expanded rapidly, shaping its identity. However, World War II left the city centre in ruins and erased much of its architectural heritage. In the aftermath, the blank canvas offered a rare opportunity for visionary urban planning. Today, the city’s post-war landscape still bears the marks of the fire boundary of 1940, but it has since become a hub of modernist design, bold architecture, and innovative urban concepts.